《牛津实用英语语法》

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牛津实用英语语法- 第64部分


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suggestion后面要求使用that…should结构。
The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused im- mediate opposition.
说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。
The proposal/suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heat- ed discussion.
关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议,引起了激烈的争论。
A report that the area was dangerous was ignored by the residents. 居民对这一地区有危险的报告不予理采。




'Amber demo'


346 名词从句作动词宾语

A 许多主要是表示交流思想的动词之后可以使用that从句。下
面是一些较常用的这一类动词:
acknowledge牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 decide(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋 imply
admit牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?demand牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 indicate(wh)
advise牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 demonstrate牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?inform
agree牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?determine牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?insist
allege牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?discover牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?know(wh)
announce牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?doubt牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?learn
appear牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?estimate(wh)牋牋牋牋牋 make out(=state)
arrange(wh)牋牋牋牋牋?expect牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?mean
ask(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 fear牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?notice(wh)
assume牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 feel牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 observe
assure牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 find(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 occur to+宾语
beg牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 forget(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋?order
believe(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋 guarantee牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?perceive
mand牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?happen牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?presume
confess牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 hear(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?pretend
consider(wh)牋牋牋牋?hope牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 promise
declare 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?magine(wh)牋牋牋牋牋?propose
prove(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋?say(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 think(wh)
realize(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋 see(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?threaten
recognize牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?seem牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?turn out
remend牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 show(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋?understand(wh)
remark牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?state(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?urge
remember(wh)牋牋牋?stipulate vow
remind牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?suggest(wh)牋牋牋牋牋 warn
request牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 suppose(wh)牋牋牋牋牋 wish
resolve牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?teach牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?wonder (wh)
reveal(wh)牋牋牋牋牋牋?tell(wh)
此外,在其他一些表示交流的动词之后也可使用that从句,如plain,deny,explain等。(参见第316节C。)
关于上面表中所注的wh见下面E节。
例句如:
They alleged/made out that they had been unjustly dismissed.
他们声称/自称他们被不公平地解雇了。
He assumes that we agree with him.
他径自认为我们同意他了。
I can prove that she did it.
我能证明是她干的。
B 上面大多数动词可以与另一结构连用。(参见第二十三章至第二十六章。)
注意:动词+that从句并不一定与同一动词+不定式/动名词/现在分词意思相同:He saw her answering the letters(他看见她在写回信)意为他看到她正在做这件事。但He saw that she answered the letters可有两种意思:或者他注意到她做了这件事,或者他通过督促确实使她干了这件事。
C appear,happen,occur,seem,turn out需用it作主语:
It appears/seems that we have e on the wrong day.
好像我们来得不是时候。
It occurred to me that he might be lying.
我忽然想起他可能是在说谎。
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
D 在agree,arrange,be anxious,beg,mand,decide,de- mand,determine,be determined,order,resolve和urge这些词之后可以用that+主语+should来代替不定式,并且在insist及suggest后面可用这一结构而不用动名词:
They agreed/decided that a statue should be put up.
他们同意/决定要立起一座雕塑。
He urged that the matter should go to arbitration.
他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。
He suggested that a reward should be offered.
他建议要悬赏。
(另参见第235节与第302节E。)
E A中标有(wh)的动词后面也可以跟所谓wh词(即what, when,where,who与why)或how开头的名词从句:
He asked where he was to go.
他问他该去哪儿。
They’ll believe whatever you tell them.
无论你告诉他们什么,他们都会相信的。
I forget who told me this.
我忘了这是谁告诉我的。
Have you heard how he is getting on?
你听说他怎么样了吗?
I can’t think why he left his wife.
我想不出他为什么会离开他的妻子。
I wonder when he will pay me back.
我不知道他什么时候会还钱给我。




'Amber demo'


347 so和not可替代that从句

A 在believe,expect,suppose,think和it appears/seems之后,表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替:
—Will Tom be at the party?
—I expect so/suppose so/think so./I think he will.
—汤姆会到联欢会去吗?
—我想会的。/我认为他会去的。
表示对前面说过的话加以否定时,可以用下列句式:
1 与so连用时,应当用动词的否定式:
—Will the scheme be a success?
—I don’t believe so/expect so/suppose so/think so.
—计划会成功吗?
—我不相信/我不指望/我不认为/我想不会。
—Are they making good progress?
—It doesn’t seem so.
—他们正在取得很大的进展吗?
—好像不是这样。
2 与not连用时,则用动词的肯定式:
—It won’t take long,will it?
—No,I suppose not./I don’t suppose so.
—这用不了多长时间,是吗?
—是的,我想用不了多长时间。
—The plane didn’t land in Calcutta,did it?
—I believe not./I don’t believe so.
—飞机没有在加尔各答降落,是吗?
—是的,我想不会。
B 在hope和be afraid(=be sorry to say)之后同样可以用so和not:
—Is Peter ing with us?
—I hope so.
—彼得和我们一起去吗?
—我希望如此。
—Will you have to pay duty on this?
—I’m afraid so.
—这个你得上关税吗?
—恐怕要上关税。
这里的否定式是由动词的肯定形式+not构成的:
—Have you got a work permit?
—I’m afraid not.
—你有工作许可证吗?
—对不起,我没有。
C 在say和tell+宾语之后可用so和not:
—How do you know there is going to be a demonstration?
—Jack said so./Jack told me so.
—要举行示威游行的事你是怎么知道的?
—是杰克说的。/是杰克告诉我的。
I told you so!(我早就告诉你了!)可意为我告诉过你事情就是这样的或我告诉过你会发生这样的事。这一般会使受话者不高兴。
关于tell的否定形式,只有否定式+so这一种结构:
Tom didn’t tell me so.
汤姆没有这样告诉我。(汤姆没有对我这样说过。)
say后面的简略从句的否定形式可以有两种,但意思不一样:Tom didn’t say so.
汤姆没有这么说。相当于:
Tom didn’t say that there would be a demonstration.
犔滥访凰狄傩惺就涡小?
Tom said not.
汤姆说不会。相当于:
Tom said there wouldn’t be a demonstration.
汤姆说不会举行示威游行。
D if+so/not
so/not在if之后可代替前面提到过的或已知而不必明白说出
的主语+动词结构:
Will you be staying another night?If so(=If you are),we can give you a better room.If not(=If you aren’t),could you be out of your room by 12:00?
您要再呆一晚上吗?如果是这样(=如果您要再呆一夜),我们可以给您提供条件再好一点儿的房间。如果不是(=如果您不呆了),您能在12点离开这房间吗?
if so/not通常如上述例句那样,代表了一个条件从句。但关于
if so,另参见第338节A。




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第三十六章?数词、日期和度量衡?




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348 基数词(形容词及代词)

1 one牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 21 twenty-one
2 two牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 22 twenty-two
3 three牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 23 twenty-three
4 four牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?24 twenty-four
5 five牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 25 twenty…five
6 six牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?26 twenty-six
7 seven牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?27 twenty-seven
8 eight 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?28 twenty-eight
9 nine牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 29 twenty…nine
10 ten牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?30 thirty
11 eleven牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?31 thirty-one
12 twelve牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 40 forty
13 thirteen牋牋牋牋牋牋?50 fifty
14 fourteen牋牋牋牋牋牋 60 sixty
15 fifteen牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?70 seventy
16 sixteen牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 80 eighty
17 seventeen牋牋牋牋牋 90 niy
18 eighteen牋牋牋牋牋牋 100 a hundred
19 nieen牋牋牋牋牋牋 1,000 a thousand
20 twenty 牋牋牋牋牋牋 1,000,000 a million
400 four hundred
140 a/one hundred and forty
1,006 a/one thousand and six
5,000 five thousand
260,127 two hundred and sixty thousand,one hundred and twenty…sev… en




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349 基数词的几点注意事项

A 把数字读出来或拼写出来时,如数字在三位或三位以上,应在十位数之前加上and,如无十位数时,则在百位数与个位数之间加上and:
713 seven hundred and thirteen
5,102 five thousand,one hundred and two
6,100 six thouand,one hundred(无十位数或个位数)
上述and的用法也适用于一千以上的数字,因为在英语中一万是ten thousand,十万是a hundred thousand:
320,410 three hundred and twenty thousand,four hundred and ten
上述方法同样适用于一百万以上的数字:
303,000,000 three hundred and three million
B hundred,thousand,million等单独使用或用于短语中,前面用a要比用one更常见:
100 a hundred
1,000 a thousand
100,000 a hundred thousand
我们也可以说a hundred and one,a hundred and two等及a hundred and niy-nine和a thousand and one等,一直到a thousand and niy-nine为止,或者用one而不用a(参见上面),因此:
1,040 a/one thousand and forty
但是:
1,140 one thousand,one hundred and forty
C hundred,thousand,million和dozen这些词用来指具体明确的数目时,不用复数形式:
six hundred men六百人
ten thousand pounds一万磅
two dozen eggs 24个鸡蛋
假如这些词用来指大致的计数,即只给人一个大致的概念时,必须用复数形式:
hundreds of people数以百计的人
thousands of birds成千上万的鸟
dozens of times数十次
注意:在这种情况下,要在数词hundreds,thousands等之后加上介词of。
of不能用在明确的数字之后,但在the/them/these/those之前或所有格之前则例外:
six of the blue ones六个蓝色的
ten of these这些中的十个
four of Tom’s brothers汤姆兄弟中的四个
D 由四个或四个以上的数码构成的数目,如上所示,是分成三位一组读写的,小数点(。)读为“point”:
10。92 ten point nine two
小数点后的零读为“nought”:
8。04 eight point nought four
但这个零也可读为“o”/+u/或“zero”。




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350 序数词(形容词及代词)

first牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 fifth
second牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 sixth
third牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 seventh
fourth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?eighth
ninth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?twenty-fifth
tenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?twenty-sixth
eleventh牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?twenty-seventh
twelfth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 twenty…eighth
thirteenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?twenty…ninth
fourteenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 thirtieth
fifteenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 thirty…first
sixteenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 fortieth
seventeenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 fiftieth
eighteenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 sixtieth
nieenth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 seventieth
twentieth牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?eightieth
twenty…first牋牋牋牋牋牋牋?niieth

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