《牛津实用英语语法》

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牛津实用英语语法- 第67部分


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他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时,不能自已了。(他失声痛哭了。)
(b)指丧失精神上的抵抗力:
At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed.
起初他否认有罪,但给他看证据时,他招架不住而供认了。
(c)指身体健康状况严重恶化:
After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire.
在多年劳累之后,他的身体垮了,只好退休。
(d)常指机器坏了:
The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days to repair it.
我们驾车横越沙漠时,汽车坏了,花了两天才修好。
(e)指交涉或谈判的破裂:
The negotiations broke down because neither side would promise.
因为双方都不肯妥协,谈判破裂了。
break in(intr), break into(tr)
(a)用暴力强行进入:
Thieves broke in and stole the silver.
窃贼破门而入,偷走了银器。
The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday.
屋主外出度假时,有贼破门而入。
(b)突然说话打断别人:
I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown.
我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事,他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。
break in 燼 young horse/pony etc.(tr)训练(马等)以供驾驭使用:
You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in.
在没有把马训练好以前,不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。
break off(tr/intr)解开,破开,使分裂开或自己破裂开:
He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit.(broke a bit off/broke itoff)
他拿出一板巧克力,掰下了一小块。
A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff.
一块岩石断裂开,掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。
break off(tr)终止,停止,取消(常跟协议、协商或谈判等):
Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom.(broken her engagement off/broken it off)
安已经取消了同汤姆的婚约。
break off(intr)突然停止说话,突然住口:
They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room.
他们正争吵不休,但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。
break out(intr)
(a)开始,爆发(常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事):
War broke out on 4 Angust.
战争于8月4日爆发。
(b)用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出:
They locked him up in a room but he broke out.
他们把他锁在一间屋里,可是他强行逃出了。(砸开门跑掉了)
The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night.
警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。
break up(tr/intr)(使)瓦解,(使)解体:
If that ship stays there she will break up/she will be broken up by thewaves.
那艘船如果停泊在那里,就会破的/会被浪头打散的。
The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap.
那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散当废铁卖了。
Divorce breaks up a lot of families.(breaks families up/breaks them up)
离婚拆散了许多家庭。
break up(intr)(用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等)散会,放假:
The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi… days.
学校在7月30日放假了,男孩子们都回家度假去了。
The meeting broke up in confusion.
会议在一片混乱中散了。
bring
bring someone round(tr;宾语常位于round之前)
(a)说服某人接受以前所反对的建议:
After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view.
在争辩了很久之后,我说服他转念同意了我的看法。
(b)使恢复知觉:
She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round.
她痛得昏厥了,但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。
bring a person or thing round(tr;宾语常位于 round之前)把人或物带到某人的住所去:
I have finished that book that you lent me; I’ll bring it round(to your house)tonight.
你借给我的书我已经看完了;我今晚上把它带(到你家里)来。
bring up(tr)
(a)教育培养儿童:
She brought up her children to be truthful.(brought her children up/brought them up)
她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。
(b)提起,谈到:
At the last mittee meeting,the treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription.(brought the question up/brought it up)
委员会上一次开会时,财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。
burn
burn down(tr/intr)(完全)焚毁(指建筑物):
The mob burnt down the embassy.(burnt the embassy down/burnt it down)
乱民把大使馆焚毁了。
The hotel burnt down before help came.
旅馆在援助到来以前就烧毁了。
call
1 call走访,拜访
call at。走访一个地方:
I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money.
我到银行去了一下,安排了款项过户的事宜。
call for到一个地方去取物或接人:
I am going to a pop concert with Tom.He is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then.
我要和汤姆去听流行歌曲音乐会。他8点钟来接我,因此我必须届时准备好。
Let’s leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we have the car.
咱们可以把行李存放在行李暂存处,等以后有车用时再来取。
call in(intr)同 look in和口语化的 drop in意思一样,是来访,来坐坐的意思:
Call in/Look in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent.
你回家的路上来看我一下,告诉我面谈进行得如何。
call on拜访某人:
He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition.
他走访了这一地区的所有主妇,要求他们在请愿书上签名。
2 call for/in/on的其他意思
call for(tr)要求,需要(这里的主语常是一个不用来指人的单词或短语,如 the situation形势/this sort of work这种工作/this此事等,宾语则常是一个表示某种性质的词,如 courage勇气/patience耐心/a steady hand稳当不抖的手):
The situation calls for tact.
对付这一形势要有策略。
You’ve got the job! This calls for a celebration.
你得到这份工作了!这需要庆祝一下。
但这里也可以用一个用来指人的主语:
The workers are calling for strike action.
工人们正要求采取罢工行动。
The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry.
死者们的亲属要求调查真相。
call in a person/call a person in派人去找某人来/请某人来家服务(send for比call in更显得主语权势大,因此callin是更有礼貌的说法):
It was too late to call in an electrician.(call an electrician in/call him in)
找电工来已太晚了。
There is some mystery about his death; the police have been calledin.
他的死有点儿蹊跷;已经去找警察来了。
call on somebody(常带动词不定式)要某人做某事/要某人给予帮助(较为正式的提出要求的方式,主要用于正式场合或演讲中,意味着提出要求的人认为所号召的事是另一人的责任):
The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country.
总统号召人民为祖国的利益做出牺牲。
The chairman called on the secretary to read the minutes of the lastmeeting.
主席要求秘书朗读上次会议的记录。
3 call的其他词组
call off(tr)取消尚未开始的事,放弃已在进行中的事:
They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on.
(call the match off/call it off)
因为场地太湿无法比赛,人们不得不取消这次比赛。
When the fog got thicker the search was called off.
雾愈来愈浓了,只得放弃了搜索。
call out(tr)召唤某人出来处理外面的事(常用于指部队被召集走出营房对付民众骚乱):
The police couldn’t control the mob so troops were called out.
警察无法控制乱民,因此出动了军队。
The Fire Brigade was called out several times on the night of 5 November to put out fires started by fireworks.
11月5日晚上,消防队多次奉召出动,以扑灭因燃放焰火而引起的火灾。
Doctors don’t much like being called out at night.
医生们不太喜欢夜间出诊。
call up(tr)
(a)征去服兵役:
In countries where there is conscription men are called up at the age of eighteen.(call up men/call men up/call them up)
在实行征兵制的国家里,18岁的男子要应征服役。
(b)给……打电话:
I called Tom up and told him the news.(calld up Tom/called him up)
我给汤姆打电话,把消息告诉他了。
care
not to care about(tr)对……淡漠,不关心……:
The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didn’t really care about students.
教授说他只对研究感兴趣;他并不真的关心学生。
care for(tr)
(a)喜欢(很少用于肯定句):
He doen’t care for films about war.
他不喜欢战争影片。
(b)照看(除被动态外,较少使用):
The house looked well cared for(=had been well looked after/was ingood condition).
房子看起来照管得很好。
carry
carry on(intr)继续(常指工作或职责):
I can’t carry on alone any longer;I’ll have to get help.
我无法再一个人继续下去了;我得找人帮忙。
carry on with(tr)与上用法相似:
The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
医生告诉她应该继续这种疗法。
carry out(tr)履行(职责),服从(命令),执行(指令),(把威胁要做的事)付诸行动:
You are not meant to think for yourself;you are here to carry out my or…ders.
你们的职责不是自己思考;叫你们来这里是要你们执行我的命令。
The Water Board carried out their threat to cut off our water supply.
自来水公司董事会把他们的威胁付诸行动,停止供应我们水了。(他们威胁要这样做,也真的这样做了。)
He read the instructions but he didn’t carry them out.
他看了指示,但没有遵照执行。
catch
catch up with(tr),catch up(tr/intr)赶上但没超过:
I started last in the race but I soon caught up with the others.(caught them up/cautht up)
我在赛跑中最后一个起跑,但不久就赶上了其他人。
You’ve missed a whole term;you’ll have to work hard to catch up withthe rest of the class.(catch them up/catch up)
你缺了整整一学期的课,得努力学习以便赶上同班的其他人。
clean
clean out(tr) a room/cupboard/drawer etc.彻底清理打扫(房间/碗柜/抽屉等):
I must clean out the spare room.(clean the spare room out/clean it out)
我得把那间备用房(客房)彻底清扫一下。
clean up(tr) a mess, eg. anything spilt清扫(脏物,如撒出的东西):
Clean up any spilt paint.(clean the spilt paint up/clean it up)
如果有溅出来的油漆,把它收拾干净。
clean up(intr)同上用法相同:
These painters always clean up when they’ve finished.
这几位油漆工完工之后总要把场地打扫干净。
clear
clear away(tr)把物件拿开以便腾出地方:
Could you clear away these papers?(clear these papers away/clear them away)
你能不能把这些文件清除开?
clear away(intr)散开:
The clouds soon cleared away and it became quite warm.
云很快就散开了,天气变得相当暖和。
clear off(intr)走开(指室外) clear out(intr)走开(指室内)二者都是口语用法;作为命令时这样说是相当不礼貌的:
‘You clear off,’ said the farmer angrily.‘You’ve no right to put your caravans in my field without even asking my permission.’
“你们给我走开,”农民愤怒地说,“你们没有权利连我的许可都没征得就把住人的大篷车停在我的地里。”
Clear out! If I find you in this building again,I’ll report you to the po…lice.
走开!你要再到这幢建筑里来,我就将你报警了。
clear out(tr)把(房间/碗柜/抽屉等)腾空以便放别的东西:
I’

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